The last name should be "everyone," which describes the access permissions for all other users or groups defined in the system, including guest accounts. The second name is the group associated with the file, such as "admin" to include all administrators, or "staff" to include all user accounts on the system, among others. By default the topmost name is the user or account that created it, which could be your account or the system. At the bottom of the information window you will see a Sharing & Permissions section with a list of names and privileges. This setup is determined by the permissions settings in the system, which you can see if you select a file and get information on it. This allows for a fairly seamless workflow when working with the resources your account has access to, and notifies you when you are editing files that could affect other users or the system as a whole.
By default OS X is set up so you can access and edit files you create and only requires authentication to edit files in system directories or in other user accounts (provided you are an administrator).
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